Instead, Rio Tinto will now seek to raise about $US15.2 billion in a rights issue.
In a statement, the company said the money would be used to cut debt.
Rio Tinto said it would pay Chinalco a break fee of $US195 million and that it hoped to collaborate with the company in the future.
Shares in Rio Tinto have gained nearly 13 per cent to $74.11 after the collapse of the deal.
More to come